Australian Wine Essay Example for Free

Australian Wine Essay The Australian Wine industry is one of the largest exporters of wine around the world. Wine is produced in every state. There is approximately 160,000 hectares under vine, about 2500 wineries and 8000 growers. Australia’s wine regions are mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country, with vineyards located in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. South Australia produces over 50% of all Australian wine. The wine regions in these states produce different wine varieties and styles which take advantage of the particular Terroir such as climatic differences and soil types. The common wine is blended wine especially red wine. E. g. Grenache Syrah Mouvedre (GSM) One example of multi-state blend is Cabernet Syrah. Cabernet is from South Australia and the Syrah is from Victoria. First vines arrived from Cape of Good Hope to New South Wales by Governor Philip on the First Fleet (1788). First attempt at wine making from these vines failed, but other settlers managed to successfully cultivate vines for winemaking. The first vineyard was established at Parramatta by a German settler, Philip Schaffer in 1791. The very first Australian vintage is in 1795. Early Australian winemakers faced many difficulties and problems due to the unfamiliar Australian climate. In 1880s Australia was struck by Phylloxera. South Australia survived the well as lot of the land was resistant to the Aphid. Australian wine was available for sale domestically by the 1820s and during this time Gregory Blaxland became the first person to export Australian wine, and was the first winemaker to win an overseas award. There are 2 distinct weather patterns. Firstly, the spring rains, dry summers, average temperature of 25-35 degrees Celsius and some maritime influences affects West Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. Secondly, the tropical based systems bring higher temperatures and higher humidity from the north. It affects mainly New South Wales and northern territories. The low cloud in New South Wales is an advantage to grape growing. The modern challenges are drought, fire and flood. The red varietals are Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot noir. The White varietals are Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon. Australia has no native grapes, and Vitis vinifera varieties were introduced from Europe and South Africa. Some varieties have been bred by Australian viticulturalists. E. g. Cienna and Tarrango. About 130 different grape varieties are used by commercial winemakers. Australian winemaking results have been remarkable and it has established standard number of varietals, such as Chardonnay and Shiraz.

War Explored in Literature Essay -- The Crucible, The Minister’s Black

War Explored in The Crucible by Arthur Miller, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and Leap to Freedom by Kasenkina â€Å"Now every road and highway†¦was littered with the corpses of human beings and animals†¦the wounded were left to die. Children ran frantically, shrieking for their mothers†¦there was no food, water, soap, or medical supplies. Like polluted waters became carriers of disease (Kasenkina 93).† This is a typical scene of war demonstrated in literary works. In literature war is a very common, yet important subject and it is generally demonstrated in plays, short stories, and novels. Some of the pieces of literature in where war is shown include: The Crucible by Arthur Miller, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and Leap to Freedom by Kasenkina. In these pieces of literature war is shown as a horrid event that always has both physically and psychologically bad outcomes. In many literary works including the ones mentioned above the good outcomes in war are misrepresented an d suppressed by the bad outcomes in war. To Begin, In The Crucible by Arthur Miller there was a war within neighbors. This literary work highly demonstrated both the physically and psychologically harsh outcomes while the good outcomes were subdued. â€Å"†¦Think on it now, it’s a deep thing, and dark as a pit (Kinsella 1251). In this statement Giles was talking about how people are not getting along and are accusing each other of witchcraft. This is an introduction to the harsh physical outcome because people are tortured till they confess of being involved in witchcraft even if they aren’t. Then, if they are â€Å"proven† to be witches but, ... ...he good outcomes of war and stop portraying war as a horrible event because war brings about many great qualities from people by either making them fight for what they believe is right or just making them learn more about other people and themselves. Works Cited Kasenkina, Oksana Stepanovna. Leap to Freedom. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1949. Print. Kinsella, Kate et.al. The Crucible. Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2002. 1233-334. Print. Kinsella, Kate et.al. "The Minister's Black Veil." Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2002. 336-48. Print. Kinsella, Kate et.al. "The Story of an Hour." Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2002. 634-38. Print.

Gambling in College Football Essay

Today’s new generation has accepted gambling more than any previous generation. People are playing poker and betting on games one the internet and even on college campus. According to them it is a social activity and there is nothing wrong in gambling. This negative attitude has made this problem seep down to the highest level of human population, its intellect (Oregon Department of Human Services, 2005). Gambling is a social problem which not only threatens the academic success of a student but also depletes the financial resources. Risking money in the hope of winning is called gambling. Gambling includes lottery tickets, online betting games, cards, dice, dominoes etc (University of Texas, 2004). In past few months various football gambling stories have created a chaos among the coaches and administration of various colleges. Colleges are constantly trying to find new ways of finding and punishing the culprits. The main concern however, is to create such rules which can prevent students from placing a bet and hence getting involved in this organized crime. In past few years gambling incidents have been recorded from quite known and influential colleges. These include Arizona State University, Boston College, University of Colorado, Columbia University, Fresno State University, and Northwestern University etc. According to a research done by a student from the University of Michigan, almost 72% of the students had gambled in one way or the other. Almost 80% of these were male students (Cross & Vollano, n. d). In order to understand the issue of student athlete gambling in more than an anecdotal way, this study was developed to learn the extent and nature of student athlete gambling. According to The National Association of Student Personnel Administration (NAPSA), gambling is a problem not just in athlete students but in all students. They constantly urge college management to develop programs which aware students about the potential hazards of gambling (The National Association of Student Personnel Administration, 2007). In 1874, college professional sports had its first scandal. Louisville college football players were accused of gambling against their own team. According to Arnie Wexler, who was a former College football gambler, and is now a recognized expert on compulsive gambling; â€Å"It’s easier to place a bet on a college campus than it is to buy a can of beer or a package of cigarettes, you just pick up a telephone and call a bookie on campus. You don’t even have to leave your room† (Kindred, 1996). This is absolutely true. The college administration usually does not care about such things. They burry their heads in the sand and if asked pretend as if nothing is wrong is happening. For past half century the college football and basketball has been full of wagering incidents. The National Collegiate athletic Association (NCAA) did a survey in 2003. According to that survey almost one percent of the total college football players accepted money for poor performance. Moreover, half the time they played, they were able to change the outcome of the game by their performance. It was also found that almost 15% of the non athlete students also gambled. It is not just the gambling part, but the players usually provide inside information to the gamblers and help them win (National Collegiate athletic Association, 2003). Students who gamble risk their careers to fulfill their need and obsession to gamble. Such activities do not necessarily occur in the isolation of college but the culprits might get together in a friends place in order to place the bet. Bets can be placed in the internet and in some cases via phone also. In 2004, two student bookies were caught. They were convicted of sports bribery. Stevin Hedake Smith owed almost $10,000 to a student bookie. In order to pay him back he agreed with the bookie to play poorly at the game. The FBI became suspicious and later caught him and his friends. After this incident the NCAA changed quite a few rules of the game. Though before gambling was always condemned, but it was never a definite rule. However, after this event, the NCAA has anti gambling rules in black and white (Gabriel, 2004). Sometimes even a simple thing as accepting gift certificate can be termed as gambling too. In a simple event, few women participated in a simple ‘pick a winner’ game and earned gift certificates of $50. When the college administration found out about this they banned those students from playing in the football team. Due to this event, accepting gift certificates was against the rules (National Endowment for financial education, 2004). According to the NCAA; â€Å"You may not place any bet of any sort on any college or professional sports event. You may not give information to anyone who does place bets on college or professional sports† (National Endowment for financial education, 2004). Moreover, the NCAA further explains these rules as: – There can be no betting on any sport, whether it involves your college or not. There can be no wager for any item i. e. cash, shirt, dinner etc. – No sports pools – No internet gambling – No fantasy leagues (this means no fee for participation and no prize for winning) – No information exchange about your or any other team (including injury, or anyother problems) (NCAA, 2005; NCAA, 2003). Looking at the table below it can be determined how many students playing college football engage them selves in wagering activities and how many think that the rules above have really made a difference. Figure: Comparison of proportion of S_As who gamble on college sports versus proportion who says that NCAA Rules discourage sports wagering Source: NCAA, 2004 The change in the rules of college football has certainly reduces the amount of bets placed. Though at some level students are still gambling, but if caught they know that their careers will come to an end. The amount of shame and humiliation caused by the media coverage also has an impact on the number of bets placed every year. According to the new rules by NCAA, any student who is caught violating the game rules will not be allowed to play in any of the plays he has formerly registered too. This means his entire career comes to a halt. Such strict rules have helped in the reduction of wagering issues (NCAA news release, 1999). In August 2007, several students complained that the coaches were using text messages to gamble or place bets. Almost 75% of the people voted in favor of banning text messaging. Due to the gambling problem, yet another rule had to be placed. According to the New York Times, the NCAA has now placed a ban on text messaging. The president of NCAA was disappointed so much that he called this â€Å"an embarrassment to all of intercollegiate athletics† (Thomas, 2008). The coaches have tried to work around this rule too. According to many coaches as there is no ban for e-mailing they can place bets on the e-mails. Many cell phone companies allow e-mailing also, so coaches are now trying new ways without breaking any rules (Miller, 2008). The administration should always clearly state the rules, as not doing so means leaving a loop hole, with the help of which the students can gamble. Sometimes, the committee can accuse somebody of gambling, but such a person might not have understood the rules properly. In 2004 a former football coach was accused of gambling. He later sued NCAA for accusing him and later firing him. According to him he did not understand the way NCAA operates. Hence it is not just about defining rules, but explaining them in such a way that everybody understands them (Yaeger et al, 2004). Gambling in college football has very grave consequences. A student can get expelled from college, get humiliated in news stories, can become an embarrassment for himself and his family, get banned from all professional sports, become a victim of organized crime, ruin his financial resources and sometimes even end up in jail. To summarize, wagering can destroy a person’s life. It is not only the responsibility of the students themselves, but the responsibility of the college administration to help create awareness among students so that no student get involved in these matters and does not become a victim of bookies. Even though the generation today has certainly got more involved in gambling, poker, wagering etc, but measures can be taken in order to help these students. Many organizations are working and are constantly trying to help these students break their habits. It might be difficult but not impossible. The management and the administration of the colleges should also instead of ignoring these things, in order to help prevent scandals and create a bad name of their schools, should help students get over this habit. Rules should be devised which are clear and strict. College students are the most important part of any population, and if they get involved in these things, this means that the human intellect has been affected. References Cross, Michael E. & Vollano, Ann G. (n. d). Gambling Education. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. umich. edu/~mgoblue/compliance/gambling/summary. html Gabriel, Walter (2004). Gambling common at colleges during March Madness: Office pool cost coach his job. Louisiana State University. The Daily Reveille. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://media. www. lsureveille. com/media/storage/paper868/news/2004/03/11/Sports/Gambling. Common. At. Colleges. During. March. Madness-2048935. shtml Kindred, David. (1996). Ignoring gambling won’t make it go away – gambling at college campuses – Column. The Sporting News. November 18. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_n47_v220/ai_18869994 Miller, Phil (2008). Like Water Around A dam. Retrieved January 2, 2008 from: http://marketpower. typepad. com/market_power/college_football/index. html National Collegiate athletic Association (2003). Sports wagering; study on collegiate sports wagering and associated behaviors. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/library/research/sports_wagering/2003/2003_sports_wagering_study. pdf National Endowment for financial education (2004). Don’t bet on it: put your money on a real winner, yourself. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/gambling/dontbetonit/2004. pdf NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association). (2005). NCAA rules and regulations. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. iupui. edu/~athlete/handbook/rules. html NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association). (2003). Protect: Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/library/general/general_brochure/2003/2003_gen_info. pdf NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association). (2004). Comparison of proportion of S_As who gamble on college sports versus proportion who say that NCAA Rules discourage sports wagering. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/gambling/2003NationalStudy/slideShow/sld028. htm NCAA News release (1999). Report Of the NCAA Division I Working Group to Study Basketball Issues. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/releases/basketballissues/1999082001bi. htm Oregon Department of Human Services (2005). Gambling and College Students: Literature Review. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. oregon. gov/DHS/addiction/gambling/collegestudents-gambling. pdf Thomas, Katie. (2008). N. C. A. A. Ban on Text-Messaging as Recruiting Tool Will Remain. The New York Times. 13th Jan. Retrieved January 3,2008 from: http://www. nytimes. com/2008/01/13/sports/13ncaa. html? _r=3&ref=ncaafootball&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin The National Association of Student Personnel Administration. NAPSA. (2007). Students affairs administrators in higher education. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. naspa. org/pubs/index. cfm University of Texas (2004). Gambling; You bet your life. The councelling and mental health centre. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. utexas. edu/student/cmhc/booklets/gambling/gamb. html Yaeger, Thomas, E. Benjamin A. Converse, Doug Ulrich, David Codron, Ryan Restivo (2004). Your turn. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_46_228/ai_n6362465

A Interview About A Hospital Security Guard And A Police...

In reality, there are limited places that violence cannot happen, however, we are often surprised by some of the places violence does take place. One of the places many don’t expect violence to take place is in the hospital. Hospitals are designed to promote safety and provide medical care and nursing treatment for sick or injured people. Unfortunately, on January 12, 2016 a hospital security guard and a police officer endured near-fatal shootings by a drug-affected patient in Nepal. Rachel Olding, the author of an article written February 4, 2016 points out some concerns, thoughts, and ideas for improvement taken from hospital workers who have seen and experienced hospital violence firsthand. Hospitals need to be a place of safety for their patients, staff, and visitors. Rachel Olding is a reporter for the Sydney Morning Herald, a daily newspaper that was founded in 1831. Olding sufficiently expresses the concerns of the hospital employees. This article is to inform and raise awareness of an issue that is effecting those designed to help. As she points out, â€Å"Doctors, nurses, security guards and emergency workers have spoken out about critical levels of violence in NSW hospitals, partially attributed to skyrocketing use of crystal methamphetamine, or ice. The employees that are on the ground level of this problem have been willing to participate in discussions to address this growing problem and create safer environments for everyone involve. As this article wasShow MoreRelatedImportant Law Enforcement Facts19721 Words   |  79 Pages| | |There are approximately 870,000 sworn law enforcement officers now serving in the United States. | |   | |About 11.3 percent of them are female. | |   Read MoreA Study on the Effectivity of the Philippine Prison System10770 Words   |  44 Pageswell as empirical research. 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