The Job Cuts in the U.S. Postal Service

Chapter One The article written by Lisa Rein discusses the expected job cuts in the U.S. Postal Service; in particular, the author reports that approximately 7,500 jobs are going to be eliminated in the near future (Rein unpaged).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Job Cuts in the U.S. Postal Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To a great extent, this policy is aimed at reducing the administrative costs of the government; nevertheless, the representatives of the Postal Regulatory Commission (PRC) argue that these reductions will result in numerous delays in mail delivery (Rein unpaged). Moreover, according to the finding of PRC, the government will not be able to achieve the expected savings (Rein unpaged). On the whole, this initiative can pose a significant threat to the infrastructure of the country (Rein unpaged). This article is closely related to the several the concepts discussed in Chapter One of th e textbook; in this case, special attention should be paid to government corporations and regulatory commissions that perform different functions and interact with one another; for example, the Postal Service can be a government corporation that serves the needs of the population. In turn, regulatory commissions like the PRC are supposed to control and monitor different economic relations within the country. The situation described by Lisa Rein illustrates the conflict between these agencies of the government. Chapter Two Another important event that should be discussed is the intention of the U.S. Supreme Court to review the federal policies regarding same-sex marriage; this issue is closely examined in the article by Adam Liptak. According to the author, the U.S. Supreme Court may review and even reject the legal definition of marriage as a union of a man and a woman; the judges may exclude the notion of gender from this definition (Liptak unpaged). Adam Liptak emphasizes the idea that nowadays the decisions regarding the status of same-sex marriages are taken by the governments of separate states of the country; in contrast, a new definition of marriage can legitimize the wedlock of same-sex couples and the consent of state governments may not be required. These are the main implication of this case, but at this point it is too early to speak the changes in the legislation of the United States, but this legal debate indicates at a dramatic shift in the public opinion.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This event is linked to one of the concepts mentioned in the Chapter Two of the textbook, namely the division of the government into three branches. They have to perform different tasks such as the development of laws, the enforcement of these legal acts and their interpretation. The actions of the Supreme Court indicate that judicial and legislative bran ches of the government can interact with one another in effort to change the laws of the country. Chapter Three The recent presidential campaign and the struggle between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney have attracted much attention of the press; in his article, Sean Sullivan examines the disagreement between these politicians regarding such an issue as the redistribution of wealth (Sullivan unpaged). In particular, Sean Sullivan refers to the words of Barack Obama who said that the government should ensure every citizen of the United States should have equal opportunities (Sullivan unpaged). In part, this goal can be achieved through the redistribution of wealth (Sullivan unpaged). Mitt Romney responded to this argument by saying that such an approach could undermine the core values of the country, for example, the right to property and income (Sullivan unpaged). The events described by the author are closely tied to the ideas explored in our readings, for example, the classic and mode rn dilemmas of the government discussed in the Chapter Three. The redistribution of wealth is related to the modern dilemma, namely the need to promote equality in the society and the need to ensure the individual freedom of citizens. Barack Obama and Mitt Romney represent two different to the solution of this dilemma; Obama places emphasis on equality while, Romney stresses the individual freedom of citizen and their right to property (Sullivan unpaged). Therefore, the concepts discussed in the readings have significant implications for modern-day politics. Chapter Four The article written by Phillip Rucker describes the attempts of the Republican Party to reduce the role of the trade unions in Michigan (Rucker unpaged). In particular, the author focuses on the so-called right-to-work laws according to which employees are not obliged to join the union and pay any fees to these organizations (Rucker unpaged). One can say that this legislation can almost entirely exclude trade unions from the negotiations between workers and private businesses; overall, this change is more likely to benefit the employers who can dictate their terms to employees (Rucker unpaged). The critics of right-to-work laws believe that these legal changes can undermine the rights of workers; more importantly, this policy can deprive the Republican Party of its influence in Michigan for a very long time (Rucker unpaged). This article is closely related to the issues covered in the textbook; in this case, special attention should be paid to the role of interest groups that can attract the attention of policy-makers to certain problems or issues and promote legal specific changes. The situation described in the article illustrates the conflict between several interests groups, namely the employers and trade unions; in this case, they have very different goals and priorities that do not coincide with one another.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Job Cuts in the U.S. Postal Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chapter Five In his article, Sean Sullivan discusses the recent disagreement between Democrats and Republicans; in particular, the politicians debate such issues as spending cuts and tax increases (Entitlement debate, unpaged). According to the author, the Republicans oppose to the increased taxes for the wealthiest citizens of the United States; in contrast, Democrats believe that this policy is necessary to fund governmental programs such as Medicare (Entitlement debate, unpaged). In the opinion of the Republican politicians, such strategies are more likely to harm middle-class people, rather than benefit them (Entitlement debate, unpaged). In turn, Democrats believe that this strategy is not likely to reduce the income of many residents. On the whole, this debate is closely tied to the questions discussed in Chapter 5, for example, such concepts as pluralism and majoritarianism. This disagreement illustrates the principles of pluralism that stresses the needs of different groups. It seems that pluralism ensures that the needs of particular groups are not disregarded by policy-makers who should remember that their decisions can have far-reaching implications for a great number of people. In contrast, majoritarianism in the Congress can result in the situation when there is no debate or discussion among legislators. This is one the main dangers that politician should avoid when discussing legal or social problems. Works Cited Liptak, A. â€Å"Justices to Hear Two Challenges on Gay Marriage.† The New York  Times, 2012. Web. Rein, L. â€Å"U. S. Postal Service announces sweeping job cuts, district office closures.† The Washington Post, 2011. Web. Rucker, P. â€Å"In Michigan, heart of organized labor, Republicans push to limit union power.† The Washington Post, 2012. Web. Sullivan, S. ‘Romney draws attention to Obama ‘redistributio n’ remark from 1998.’ The Washington Post,  2012. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More —-. ‘Entitlement debate sparks disagreement along party lines.’ The  Washington Post.  Web. This essay on The Job Cuts in the U.S. Postal Service was written and submitted by user Travis Bennett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

My Music Biography Essays

My Music Biography Essays My Music Biography Essay My Music Biography Essay My interest in music began when I was in elementary school. I stared playing violin in 5th grade and once I moved up to middle school I started entering talent shows and joined the Performing Arts Kids club at my school. Concurrently, I was a member of the Leaden Childrens Choir in which we performed world music at various locations and received a tremendous amount of exposure. Once I entered high school, I Joined the Instrumental Music Club in which I am currently a full time music student. I have been enrolled in my high school orchestra, jazz band, marching band, concert band and drum-line for the past 4 years. I am also the Jazz singer and occasionally get chosen to sing the National Anthem at Home football games and other school functions. I also had the honor to sing at last years high school graduation. Over the past 3 years, I have participated in the school musical as part of the pit orchestra in which I played violin for such performances as the Wiz, Grease, and Guys and Dolls. This years musical theater performance will be Hairspray. I have auditioned for a part and recently received my first call back. I am very excited and hope to be one of the chosen members for this years production. Prior to high school theater, I was involved in a private theater organization in which we performed the Wizard of Oz. As a mallet percussionist of Pasadena City Colleges Honor Band, I have been given the honor of being in this years Tournament of Roses Parade for 2013 as the only representative of my High School. I have been receiving private piano and voice lessons for the past 4 years. In addition, I am currently working on my Girl Scout Gold Award Project in which I would like to incorporate my musical abilities to promote music appreciation amongst youth.

E-Commerce Infrastructure - EBay Strategy Focus Essay - 1

E-Commerce Infrastructure - EBay Strategy Focus - Essay Example In the present global environment, e-business has gained strong popularity. As internal and external electronic communication within the business processes has become almost unavoidable, the efficiency of the e-business applications is increasing with time. Hence, e-business is defined as the business transaction which takes place with the use of communication and information technologies. It mainly includes three primary functions which are: a) it includes commercial activities like, purchase or sale of products or services electronically; b) various business activities like, customer relationship marketing, enterprise resource planning and new product innovation; c) social activities like, cultural enforcement and social interaction. The e-business application has been classified into various categories i.e. Business to Consumer (B2C); Business to Business (B2B); Government to Citizen (G2C) and finally, Business to Government (B2G). The main components of this application include: 2) The software applications manage the business transactions in e-business. Examples of such transactions include the presentation of detailed information, storage or retrieval of data in the databases and exchange of information in an appropriate manner. The web applications include electronic marketplace or any company website and provide a global recognition to the businesses. Thus, it is important that the software applications are well-integrated within the web applications so that the task gets completed in much easier manner. a) Informative: The main purpose of this informative e-business application is to provide professional, technical and other business information. The informative transactions mainly include business communication transactions, corporate website information and e-promotions by means of e-mails and e-newsletters. Current developments in web technologies like Extensible Markup Language aims at developing a unified framework for the unstructured informative transactions.  

Attraction Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Attraction Management - Essay Example This particular study focuses on Trafalgar Square, and necessitated the acquisition of data as to how attraction management for this tourist spot was being handled. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. EVENT MANAGEMENT / ATTRACTION MANAGEMENT: AN INTRODUCTION 1 II. TRAFALGAR SQUARE 7 III. CONCLUSION 17 REFERENCES 18 Event Management / Attraction Management: An Introduction Every country, developed or developing, has and will always be coming up with new ways to make money. Ideally, these funds would then be used to improve infrastructure, or to create new job opportunities for its citizens, or generally bankrolling development efforts nationwide. For better or worse, the old saying about money making the world go round at least has a modicum of truth to it. This money, of course, is made through selling things, whether products or services, by way of taxing business establishments. To sell a service in particular requires a great deal of effort on the part of the salesman; events and at tractions are no exception among these. If anything, said need for a concerted effort applies even more so in this regard, due to the increased need to convince prospective customers that one’s offerings are actually good and are not, in fact, worthless. Given how much profit is at stake, it would be best to be aware of and display a certain degree of proficiency in event management – which refers to the administration and creation of various conferences, festivals and occasions (Ramsborg, 2008). As with any other type of management, event management requires a load of planning in order to succeed. Among other things, those in charge of such tasks need to be ready and willing to analyze and identify their prospective clients and target market as well as pick a proper event theme, for a start. And after getting this done, next on the list are issues of logistics and coordinating with the relevant personnel. The general demand for both traditional and contemporary events has contributed greatly to the growth of this industry. Said events can be conducted for any purpose, be it organizational, cultural or personal in nature, but it should be obvious for anyone planning such events to want them to succeed. Luckily, certain breakthroughs have made successful event management and planning much more convenient, thanks in part to how increasingly fierce competition has made each player recognize the increasing need and difficulty with respect to one-upping their rivals. Technology in particular has been a godsend, especially in that proper application of it expedites tasks, which no longer need quite as many people to get done right. This becomes much more readily apparent when the internet is factored into the equation. The so-called information superhighway is definitely a great help in this case, not only in spreading awareness regarding the event, but also when it comes to facilitating the growth of the firm in charge of the said event or attraction. Thanks in part to this, the industry of event management (and by extension, attraction management) has become even more lucrative and profitable than it already was. That said, there are things that need to be kept in mind when it comes to event management. For instance, the viewpoint of sustainable event management holds

Australian Wine Essay Example for Free

Australian Wine Essay The Australian Wine industry is one of the largest exporters of wine around the world. Wine is produced in every state. There is approximately 160,000 hectares under vine, about 2500 wineries and 8000 growers. Australia’s wine regions are mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country, with vineyards located in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. South Australia produces over 50% of all Australian wine. The wine regions in these states produce different wine varieties and styles which take advantage of the particular Terroir such as climatic differences and soil types. The common wine is blended wine especially red wine. E. g. Grenache Syrah Mouvedre (GSM) One example of multi-state blend is Cabernet Syrah. Cabernet is from South Australia and the Syrah is from Victoria. First vines arrived from Cape of Good Hope to New South Wales by Governor Philip on the First Fleet (1788). First attempt at wine making from these vines failed, but other settlers managed to successfully cultivate vines for winemaking. The first vineyard was established at Parramatta by a German settler, Philip Schaffer in 1791. The very first Australian vintage is in 1795. Early Australian winemakers faced many difficulties and problems due to the unfamiliar Australian climate. In 1880s Australia was struck by Phylloxera. South Australia survived the well as lot of the land was resistant to the Aphid. Australian wine was available for sale domestically by the 1820s and during this time Gregory Blaxland became the first person to export Australian wine, and was the first winemaker to win an overseas award. There are 2 distinct weather patterns. Firstly, the spring rains, dry summers, average temperature of 25-35 degrees Celsius and some maritime influences affects West Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. Secondly, the tropical based systems bring higher temperatures and higher humidity from the north. It affects mainly New South Wales and northern territories. The low cloud in New South Wales is an advantage to grape growing. The modern challenges are drought, fire and flood. The red varietals are Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot noir. The White varietals are Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon. Australia has no native grapes, and Vitis vinifera varieties were introduced from Europe and South Africa. Some varieties have been bred by Australian viticulturalists. E. g. Cienna and Tarrango. About 130 different grape varieties are used by commercial winemakers. Australian winemaking results have been remarkable and it has established standard number of varietals, such as Chardonnay and Shiraz.

War Explored in Literature Essay -- The Crucible, The Minister’s Black

War Explored in The Crucible by Arthur Miller, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and Leap to Freedom by Kasenkina â€Å"Now every road and highway†¦was littered with the corpses of human beings and animals†¦the wounded were left to die. Children ran frantically, shrieking for their mothers†¦there was no food, water, soap, or medical supplies. Like polluted waters became carriers of disease (Kasenkina 93).† This is a typical scene of war demonstrated in literary works. In literature war is a very common, yet important subject and it is generally demonstrated in plays, short stories, and novels. Some of the pieces of literature in where war is shown include: The Crucible by Arthur Miller, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and Leap to Freedom by Kasenkina. In these pieces of literature war is shown as a horrid event that always has both physically and psychologically bad outcomes. In many literary works including the ones mentioned above the good outcomes in war are misrepresented an d suppressed by the bad outcomes in war. To Begin, In The Crucible by Arthur Miller there was a war within neighbors. This literary work highly demonstrated both the physically and psychologically harsh outcomes while the good outcomes were subdued. â€Å"†¦Think on it now, it’s a deep thing, and dark as a pit (Kinsella 1251). In this statement Giles was talking about how people are not getting along and are accusing each other of witchcraft. This is an introduction to the harsh physical outcome because people are tortured till they confess of being involved in witchcraft even if they aren’t. Then, if they are â€Å"proven† to be witches but, ... ...he good outcomes of war and stop portraying war as a horrible event because war brings about many great qualities from people by either making them fight for what they believe is right or just making them learn more about other people and themselves. Works Cited Kasenkina, Oksana Stepanovna. Leap to Freedom. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1949. Print. Kinsella, Kate et.al. The Crucible. Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2002. 1233-334. Print. Kinsella, Kate et.al. "The Minister's Black Veil." Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2002. 336-48. Print. Kinsella, Kate et.al. "The Story of an Hour." Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2002. 634-38. Print.

Gambling in College Football Essay

Today’s new generation has accepted gambling more than any previous generation. People are playing poker and betting on games one the internet and even on college campus. According to them it is a social activity and there is nothing wrong in gambling. This negative attitude has made this problem seep down to the highest level of human population, its intellect (Oregon Department of Human Services, 2005). Gambling is a social problem which not only threatens the academic success of a student but also depletes the financial resources. Risking money in the hope of winning is called gambling. Gambling includes lottery tickets, online betting games, cards, dice, dominoes etc (University of Texas, 2004). In past few months various football gambling stories have created a chaos among the coaches and administration of various colleges. Colleges are constantly trying to find new ways of finding and punishing the culprits. The main concern however, is to create such rules which can prevent students from placing a bet and hence getting involved in this organized crime. In past few years gambling incidents have been recorded from quite known and influential colleges. These include Arizona State University, Boston College, University of Colorado, Columbia University, Fresno State University, and Northwestern University etc. According to a research done by a student from the University of Michigan, almost 72% of the students had gambled in one way or the other. Almost 80% of these were male students (Cross & Vollano, n. d). In order to understand the issue of student athlete gambling in more than an anecdotal way, this study was developed to learn the extent and nature of student athlete gambling. According to The National Association of Student Personnel Administration (NAPSA), gambling is a problem not just in athlete students but in all students. They constantly urge college management to develop programs which aware students about the potential hazards of gambling (The National Association of Student Personnel Administration, 2007). In 1874, college professional sports had its first scandal. Louisville college football players were accused of gambling against their own team. According to Arnie Wexler, who was a former College football gambler, and is now a recognized expert on compulsive gambling; â€Å"It’s easier to place a bet on a college campus than it is to buy a can of beer or a package of cigarettes, you just pick up a telephone and call a bookie on campus. You don’t even have to leave your room† (Kindred, 1996). This is absolutely true. The college administration usually does not care about such things. They burry their heads in the sand and if asked pretend as if nothing is wrong is happening. For past half century the college football and basketball has been full of wagering incidents. The National Collegiate athletic Association (NCAA) did a survey in 2003. According to that survey almost one percent of the total college football players accepted money for poor performance. Moreover, half the time they played, they were able to change the outcome of the game by their performance. It was also found that almost 15% of the non athlete students also gambled. It is not just the gambling part, but the players usually provide inside information to the gamblers and help them win (National Collegiate athletic Association, 2003). Students who gamble risk their careers to fulfill their need and obsession to gamble. Such activities do not necessarily occur in the isolation of college but the culprits might get together in a friends place in order to place the bet. Bets can be placed in the internet and in some cases via phone also. In 2004, two student bookies were caught. They were convicted of sports bribery. Stevin Hedake Smith owed almost $10,000 to a student bookie. In order to pay him back he agreed with the bookie to play poorly at the game. The FBI became suspicious and later caught him and his friends. After this incident the NCAA changed quite a few rules of the game. Though before gambling was always condemned, but it was never a definite rule. However, after this event, the NCAA has anti gambling rules in black and white (Gabriel, 2004). Sometimes even a simple thing as accepting gift certificate can be termed as gambling too. In a simple event, few women participated in a simple ‘pick a winner’ game and earned gift certificates of $50. When the college administration found out about this they banned those students from playing in the football team. Due to this event, accepting gift certificates was against the rules (National Endowment for financial education, 2004). According to the NCAA; â€Å"You may not place any bet of any sort on any college or professional sports event. You may not give information to anyone who does place bets on college or professional sports† (National Endowment for financial education, 2004). Moreover, the NCAA further explains these rules as: – There can be no betting on any sport, whether it involves your college or not. There can be no wager for any item i. e. cash, shirt, dinner etc. – No sports pools – No internet gambling – No fantasy leagues (this means no fee for participation and no prize for winning) – No information exchange about your or any other team (including injury, or anyother problems) (NCAA, 2005; NCAA, 2003). Looking at the table below it can be determined how many students playing college football engage them selves in wagering activities and how many think that the rules above have really made a difference. Figure: Comparison of proportion of S_As who gamble on college sports versus proportion who says that NCAA Rules discourage sports wagering Source: NCAA, 2004 The change in the rules of college football has certainly reduces the amount of bets placed. Though at some level students are still gambling, but if caught they know that their careers will come to an end. The amount of shame and humiliation caused by the media coverage also has an impact on the number of bets placed every year. According to the new rules by NCAA, any student who is caught violating the game rules will not be allowed to play in any of the plays he has formerly registered too. This means his entire career comes to a halt. Such strict rules have helped in the reduction of wagering issues (NCAA news release, 1999). In August 2007, several students complained that the coaches were using text messages to gamble or place bets. Almost 75% of the people voted in favor of banning text messaging. Due to the gambling problem, yet another rule had to be placed. According to the New York Times, the NCAA has now placed a ban on text messaging. The president of NCAA was disappointed so much that he called this â€Å"an embarrassment to all of intercollegiate athletics† (Thomas, 2008). The coaches have tried to work around this rule too. According to many coaches as there is no ban for e-mailing they can place bets on the e-mails. Many cell phone companies allow e-mailing also, so coaches are now trying new ways without breaking any rules (Miller, 2008). The administration should always clearly state the rules, as not doing so means leaving a loop hole, with the help of which the students can gamble. Sometimes, the committee can accuse somebody of gambling, but such a person might not have understood the rules properly. In 2004 a former football coach was accused of gambling. He later sued NCAA for accusing him and later firing him. According to him he did not understand the way NCAA operates. Hence it is not just about defining rules, but explaining them in such a way that everybody understands them (Yaeger et al, 2004). Gambling in college football has very grave consequences. A student can get expelled from college, get humiliated in news stories, can become an embarrassment for himself and his family, get banned from all professional sports, become a victim of organized crime, ruin his financial resources and sometimes even end up in jail. To summarize, wagering can destroy a person’s life. It is not only the responsibility of the students themselves, but the responsibility of the college administration to help create awareness among students so that no student get involved in these matters and does not become a victim of bookies. Even though the generation today has certainly got more involved in gambling, poker, wagering etc, but measures can be taken in order to help these students. Many organizations are working and are constantly trying to help these students break their habits. It might be difficult but not impossible. The management and the administration of the colleges should also instead of ignoring these things, in order to help prevent scandals and create a bad name of their schools, should help students get over this habit. Rules should be devised which are clear and strict. College students are the most important part of any population, and if they get involved in these things, this means that the human intellect has been affected. References Cross, Michael E. & Vollano, Ann G. (n. d). Gambling Education. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. umich. edu/~mgoblue/compliance/gambling/summary. html Gabriel, Walter (2004). Gambling common at colleges during March Madness: Office pool cost coach his job. Louisiana State University. The Daily Reveille. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://media. www. lsureveille. com/media/storage/paper868/news/2004/03/11/Sports/Gambling. Common. At. Colleges. During. March. Madness-2048935. shtml Kindred, David. (1996). Ignoring gambling won’t make it go away – gambling at college campuses – Column. The Sporting News. November 18. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_n47_v220/ai_18869994 Miller, Phil (2008). Like Water Around A dam. Retrieved January 2, 2008 from: http://marketpower. typepad. com/market_power/college_football/index. html National Collegiate athletic Association (2003). Sports wagering; study on collegiate sports wagering and associated behaviors. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/library/research/sports_wagering/2003/2003_sports_wagering_study. pdf National Endowment for financial education (2004). Don’t bet on it: put your money on a real winner, yourself. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/gambling/dontbetonit/2004. pdf NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association). (2005). NCAA rules and regulations. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. iupui. edu/~athlete/handbook/rules. html NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association). (2003). Protect: Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/library/general/general_brochure/2003/2003_gen_info. pdf NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association). (2004). Comparison of proportion of S_As who gamble on college sports versus proportion who say that NCAA Rules discourage sports wagering. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/gambling/2003NationalStudy/slideShow/sld028. htm NCAA News release (1999). Report Of the NCAA Division I Working Group to Study Basketball Issues. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. ncaa. org/releases/basketballissues/1999082001bi. htm Oregon Department of Human Services (2005). Gambling and College Students: Literature Review. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. oregon. gov/DHS/addiction/gambling/collegestudents-gambling. pdf Thomas, Katie. (2008). N. C. A. A. Ban on Text-Messaging as Recruiting Tool Will Remain. The New York Times. 13th Jan. Retrieved January 3,2008 from: http://www. nytimes. com/2008/01/13/sports/13ncaa. html? _r=3&ref=ncaafootball&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin The National Association of Student Personnel Administration. NAPSA. (2007). Students affairs administrators in higher education. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. naspa. org/pubs/index. cfm University of Texas (2004). Gambling; You bet your life. The councelling and mental health centre. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://www. utexas. edu/student/cmhc/booklets/gambling/gamb. html Yaeger, Thomas, E. Benjamin A. Converse, Doug Ulrich, David Codron, Ryan Restivo (2004). Your turn. Retrieved January 3, 2008 from: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_46_228/ai_n6362465